Toluene or Methylbenzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a smell of a paint thinner. It can be found in food - like herb allspice, medicines -  like tolu balsam, and is utilized in the manufacturing of many commercial products, including paints and glues. Colorless and insoluble in water, toluene can be dangerous when its fumes are inhaled, causing neurological damage and intoxication. It has been shown to exhibit beta-oxidant, depressant, hepatoprotective, anesthetic and neurotransmitter functions
Toluene can be found in urine, blood, feces, saliva and breath. Background levels of toluene in breath measured in toluene-exposed workers are about 1,000-fold higher than in non-exposed individuals.
Toluene metabolites  (Hippuric acid and cresols) can be also used as indicators of exposure.

Offensive smell resembling rotten eggs or other sulfury off-flavors.

Sulfur mineral itself has no scent. The odor of rotten eggs actually comes from hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which is a by product of sulfur - it can be produced in water (including humidity in the air). Volcanoes and hot springs could produce H2S via the hydrolysis of sulfide minerals. The odor can be detected at 2 parts per bilion (ppb).

Ninety-five percent of pollution related sulfur oxide emissions are in the form of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a heavy, colorless gas with an odor like just struck matches. 

Most thiols (compounds containing an SH functional group) smell like variations on garlic or skunk. Sulfides have the structure R-S-R′, and are therefore the sulfur analogues of ethers. Hydrogen sulfide smells like 'rotten egg', while Dimethyl sulfide has a smell that is usually described as 'rotting cabbage', 'cooked cauliflower' or just plain 'unpleasant. Dimethyl Disulfide smells like rotting meat. Methanethiol (or methyl mercaptan  - CH3SH) smells like rotten cabbage or urine after eating asparagus. 

Sulfur-reducing bacteria, which use sulfur as an energy source, are the primary producers of large quantities of hydrogen sulfide. These bacteria chemically change natural sulfates in water to hydrogen sulfide. Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium spp. are the most abundant organisms colonizing moist areas of the body and emitting sulfury odors. 

Odor originating from the vagina. It's normal to have a slight vaginal odor,t with stronger and more subtle variations of individually-unique smell appearing during different parts of menstrual cycle. Normal odor is somewhat salty, yeasty, resembling sour milk, even a little bit fishy or onion-like, more so if eating onions and garlic, meat and drinking coffee. 
But, a strong vaginal odor — for instance, a strong "fishy" smell — might be abnormal and could indicate a problem. Other odors could be acidic, like vinegar, ammonia, garlic, cheese, body odor, urine, bread, bleach, feces, sweat, metal, feet, garbage, and rotten meat.
An abnormal vaginal odor is usually associated with other vaginal signs and symptoms such as itching, burning, irritation or discharge.
Common causes of abnormal vaginal odor include Bacterial vaginosis, secondary TMAU (around periods), Poor hygiene, Retained or forgotten tampon, Trichomoniasis. Less commonly, abnormal vaginal odor may result from rectovaginal fistula,  cervical or vaginal cancer

Also known as N-Methylmethanamine and DMA, this biogenic (aliphatic) amine can be detected in the urine of humans and other mammals; it is produced in the metabolism of choline and choline-containing phosphatides and has strongly ammoniacal odor that could be also fish-like. Urinary excretion in humans is increased after eating certain fish, meat, dairy, and grains containing dimethylamine. The German cockroach (smaller species) utilizes dimethylamine as a pheromone for communication. Dimethylamine is used in leather tanning and as an accelerator in the manufacturing of rubber, detergents, and pesticides.
Odor threshold is 1.6 ppm, irritation may occur at 5 ppm or higher. Exposure Routes are via inhalation, skin and/or eye contact. Symptoms range from irritation of nose and throat; sneezing, cough, dyspnea (breathing difficulty); pulmonary edema; conjunctivitis; dermatitis; liquid: frostbite. 
Because of its good solubility in lipids, dimethylamine is readily and rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and acts as a central nervous system depressant. Concentrated dimethylamine vapors are highly irritating to mucous membranes. There is no evidence of carcinogenic potential. 

ethyl alcohol, also known as grain alcohol (absolute alcohol if undiluted), is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. This compound with molecular formula C2H5OH has a very distinctive perfume-like smell. It is produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts, most notably, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 

Ethanol can be measured in breath (30 minutes after consumption), sweat (over 40 minutes after consumption) and blood. The presence of ethanol in blood at concentrations >30 mg/dL (>0.03% or g/dL) is generally accepted as a strong indicator of the use of an alcohol-containing beverage. Ethanol can be also detected in high amounts in the blood of those with auto-brewery syndrome (gut fermentation syndrome) or smaller but still elevated amounts with yeast or bacterial dysbiosis (overgrowth) through endogenous fermentation within the digestive system.

aromatic flavorful vegetable with succulent/fleshy, tight, concentric leaf bases having a pungent odor. Enlarged base (bulb) of a plant, Allium cepa, species of the Allium family that also includes garlic (Allium sativum). 
Common onions are normally available in three yellow, brown, red, purple and white colors.. Yellow or brown onions (also called red) are full-flavored and are the onions of choice for everyday use. Yellow onions turn a rich, dark brown when caramelized and give French onion soup its sweet flavor. The red onion (also called purple) is a good choice for fresh use but can be also good for grilling. White onions are widely used in classic Mexican cuisine, and have a particularly sweet flavor when sauteed. 

2-aminoacetophenone (​2AA), is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthetic pathway for quinazolines, a pathway branching from the tryptophan catabolic pathway. Forms yellow to yellow-brown liquid with grape-type odor. This compound is related to methyl anthranilate which causes the foxy aroma (musty odor and flavor of wines) in grapes of non-vinifera varieties, but it  may also lead to naphthalene-like odor. It can be detected in the breath of cystic fibrosis patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, in smaller amounts, in healthy people - after eating corn chips, canned tuna, egg whites and some types of beer. 2-aminoacetophenone is the principal odorant responsible for the characterisitic taco shell odor of bat roosts (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana). 2-aminoacetophenone secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa facilitates attraction to food for several fly species including Musca domestica, Ceratitis capitata and Drosophila melanogaster.
​Linear Formula H2NC6H4COCH3,  Molecular Weight 135.16, CAS Number 551-93-9. 

saturated and savory odors resembling "see" or "ocean" smell, fresh fish or cheese, or even like savory herbs that are usually added to salty meals.

Odorants with "salty"  scent include methylbenzodioxepinone or Calone, also known as watermelon ketone.. It  gives the olfactory impression of a fresh seashore through the marine and ozone nuances, "see-breeze" notes with slight floral overtones.  Calone's structure is similar to pheromones of brown algae. 
"Salty" smelling perfumes:
  
Chevignon - smells "American", strong and simple, and like you've just stepped off the beach, 
Van Cleef & Arpels Bois d'Iris - lot of oceanic, woody salty feeling
Sel Marin will definitely give you that Salty Vibe, also 
Sel de Vetiver - celery root and coriander, scent of salt drying on the skin after bathing in the sea
Mediterraneo by Antonio Banderas - aquatic and woody
Lys Mediterranee by Frederic Malle = ocean + lily
Maui by MCMC Fragrances = ocean + ouzo.
Virgilio by Diptyque, another salty-herbal-beachy scent.
Encre Noir also smells somewhat salty
Sel Marin, Mare by Beth Terry.
Hermes Parfum des Merveilles-salty-boozy, citrus, orange & lemon
I Profumi di Firenze- Brezza di Mare-​ salty melon
Profumum-Aqua di Sale-salty vetiver (myrtle, cedarwood)
Creed Millesime Imperial has an oceanic/marine dominance to me.
Black Phoenix Alchemy Lab's Lightning is a sort of rainy/ocean scent, and their The Deep Ones is sort of a darker, mossy oceanic.
Going super-indie, Cirmes Tonsorial Parlour's Mouchoir is a nice clean/oceanic frag.

Liquid amines have a distinctive "fishy" smell.

strong unpleasant odor resembling animal fat and tallow. See also rancid butter odor. 

Chemicals causing it are produced by corinebacteria and other microorganisms. These glands secrete an oily fluid with proteins, lipids, and steroids which are odorless before microbial activity. They appear on the skin surface mixed with sebum, as sebaceous glands open into the same hair follicle. Unlike eccrine sweat glands, which secrete continuously, the apocrine glands secrete in periodic spurts.Compounds responsible for fatty odor include organic acids, esters, aromatic compounds. One example is  ​tridecanal that has aldehydic smell  (while nonanal and decanal smell musty), another is (E)-non-2-enal (fatty with a citrus nuance and additional green, cucumber, aldehydic notes). 

​Check also this blog with results of  earlier Aurametrix studies and the comments.

3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid (HMHA) is a branched fatty acid detected relatively in abundance in sweat. It has two enantiomers - right handed (R) and left-handed (L).
(+)-(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid - Armpit odor like and cumin spice like odor; also described by Hasegawa et. al. as having a strong spicy odor
(-)-(R)-3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid - Cumin spice like odor, weaker than racemic body; also described by Hasegawa et. al. as having a weak animalic odor.

Since the early 1990s, structurally unusual medium-chain (C6–C10) Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs), in particular the trans (E) isomer of 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (3M2H), have been shown to contribute to underarm odor.  Subsequently, it was found that 3M2H, and the structurally related 3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid, are released by the action of a corynebacterial enzyme, Nα-acylglutamine aminoacylase, highly specific for the glutamine residue. A wide range of medium-chain VFAs are present in apocrine sweat released on skin by corynebacteria, with 3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid and 3M2H being the dominant species in terms of relative abundance.
Women have the potential to liberate significantly more (R)/(S)-3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol  - (R)/(S)-MSH. - which has a tropical fruit- and onion-like odor than (R)/(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid - (R)/(S)-HMHA - (possibly transformed into (E)/(Z)-3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid) that has a cheesy, rancid odor.
A fatty acid with one less Carbon - 2-Hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid generated by L-isoleucine metabolism is elevated in the urine and blood of patients with maple syrup urine disease, leading to a distinctive sugary maple syrup odor.