species of spherical, gram-positive bacteria Streptococci (from phylum Firmicutes) that forms chains and colonizes the mouth and upper respiratory tract of humans just a few hours after birth, making further exposure to the bacteria harmless in most circumstances. It is considered to be a "good" oral bacteria fighting bad odor and disease-causing species yet, if it gets into bloodstream (what, fortunately, rarely happens), it could be associated with sepsis in people with neutropenia (a deficiency in white blood cells). Streptococcus salivarius secretes a glucosltransferase (Gtf) which forms a glucan from sucrose and it uses sucrose (but not glucose) to build a capsule around itself. This bacteria can ferment the glucose yielding lactic acid. S. salivarius is also known to secrete an enzyme called urease. Urease can catalyze the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide
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Species of budding yeast, the "top fermenting" type, also called the "brewer’s yeast" and literally translated from Latin as "the sugar fungus of the beer." This yeast reproduces through a process called budding, meaning that its daughter cells split right from its side (as in the picture). Cells are round, 5-10 micrometers in diameter. Different S.cerevisiae strains produce more carbon dioxide (useful in bread making) or more alcohol (for brewing or wine-making). It is believed to have been originally found on the skin of grapes, although it was, for the first time, isolated 1938, from rotten figs in Merced, California. There have been documented cases of Gut Fermentation Syndrome in humans with causative agent Saccharomyces cerevisiae in their intestines (measured in stool culture). The symptoms usually resolve after treatment with antifungals and a low carbohydrate diet. spherical gram-positive bacterium, that is immobile (nonmotile, no flagella) and forms grape-like clusters. Staphylococci (genus Staphylococcus) are commonly found on the skin and hair as well as in the noses, throats, genital tracts of people and animals, and includes bacteria that can cause food poisoning and other infections. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of staph infections and is responsible for various diseases including: mild skin infections (impetigo, folliculitis, etc.), invasive diseases (wound infections, osteomyelitis, bacteremia with metastatic complications, etc.), and toxin mediated diseases (food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome or TSS, scaled skin syndrome, etc.). Infections are preceded by colonization. Approximately 30% of the normal healthy population is affected by S. aureus as it asymptomatically colonizes human hosts. gram-positive coccal bacterium that is a member of the Firmicutes, and is frequently found in the nose, respiratory tract, and on the skin. It is often positive for catalase and nitrate reduction Staphylococcus aureus is present in the nose (usually temporarily) of about 30% of healthy adults and on the skin of about 20%. spherical Gram-positive bacterium, that is immobile (nonmotile, no flagella) and forms grape-like clusters. Staphylococci (genus Staphylococcus) is commonly found on the skin and hair as well as in the noses, throats, genital tracts of people and animals, and includes bacteria that can cause food poisoning and other infections. One of the oldest forms of bacteria and archaea that convert hydrogen (H2) and sulfate (SO2) into hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) colonize the guts of ∼50% of humans, are very diverse and include Proteobacteria - such as aerotolerant Desulfovibrio inhabiting human gut. These lactate- and hydrogen-utilizing bacteria are the principal SRB (60-80%) in studies of colonic sulfur metabolism. Desulfovibrio strain NY682, Desulfovibrio piger and Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis have been isolated from blood, brain abscess, periodontal pockets, appendix, liver, colon and bowel and are characterized by strong sulfurous odor in the environment. Other sulfate-reducing Proteobacteria found in natural environments include anaerobes Desulfomicrobium (including periodontal bacteria Desulfomicrobium orale sp. nov.), hydrogen-utilizing Desulfobulbus (present in aquatic sediments and human gut), acetate-utilizing Desulfobacter, acetone-utilizing Desulfococcus, Desulfosarcina, Desulfobacterium, Desulfonema, acetate- and butyrate-utilizing Desulfotomaculum, and Thermodesulfobacterium; also Desulfuromonas, Desulfurella, Geobacter, and Pelobacter. Interesting to note that 25% of humans do not show sulfate-reducing even though they have Desulfobulbus and other above mentioned bacteria in the gut. The second group comprising genera from the Gamma and Epsilon Proteobacteria classes are microaerophiles, which are not able to completely oxidize organic substrates to CO2; they include Wolinella, Campylobacter, Shewanella, Sulfurospirillum, and Geospirillum bamesi. Sulfate-reducing archaea is also quite phylogenetically diverse including but not limited to the following orders: Thermococcales, Thermoproteales, Pyrodictales, Sulfolobales, Pyrodictales, and Sulfolobales. Desulfuromonas acetoxidans was the first SRB isolated from anaerobic sulfide containing marine mud sediments. Archaea Archaeoglobus, Thermocladium and Caldivirga are found in hydrothermal vents, oil deposits, and hot springs. Streptococcus uberis is an environmental cocci bacterium responsible for infection of the breast tissue in bovines and helpful in replacing harmful oral bacteria in humans. It is occasionally described as a human pathogen, though in most cases it happened because it was mistaken for Enterococcus faecium. Streptococcus uberis is Gram-positive bacterium. It's cell wall structure is similar to Staphylococcus species., as well as streptococci such as S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae. S. uberis is the most common Streptococcus species isolated from cases of mastitis. The control of S. uberis in bovines includes maintenance of a clean and dry housing environment and implementation of proper milking procedures. Probiotics with Streptococcus uberis KJ2 along with Streptococcus oralis KJ3, and Streptococcus rattus JH145 were studied after scaling and root planing (SRP), but no differences were detected when comparing the adjunctive use of a placebo or the investigated streptococci containing probiotic tablet after SRP (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02403960), except that the % of sites with plaque that were significantly lower in the probiotic group than in the control group at the 24-week evaluation. In addition, at the 12-week time point, the salivary Prevotella intermedia counts were significantly lower in the probiotic group. In another clinical trial, both EvoraKids and PerioBalance (containing Streptococcus uberis KJ2) affected the Caries Risk Test results by significantly decreasing the number of S. mutans and lactobacilli present in the salivary samples. spheroidal Firmicutes bacterium of a group (genus Streptococcus) that includes bacteria necessary to produce Swiss cheese, causing souring of milk and dental decay, and hemolytic pathogens causing various infections such as strep throat, pink eye, "flesh eating" infections, scarlet fever and pneumonia. The term streptococcus (“twisted berry”) refers to the bacteria’s characteristic grouping in chains that resemble a string of beads. Streptococci are microbiologically characterized as gram-positive and nonmotile. Currently, there are over 50 species in this genus (a few have been reclassified as Enterococcus and Lactococcus). Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that lives in freshwater and marine environments. It is able to rapidly grow obtaining energy through photosynthesis - from light and greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. A novel system tested in a rat's heart rescues the myocardium from acute ischemia through intramyocardial delivery of this bacteria. By using light rather than blood flow as a source of energy, photosynthetic therapy with Synechococcus elongatus supplies the heart with oxygen and nutrients, increases tissue oxygenation, maintains myocardial metabolism, and yields durable improvements in cardiac function. Citrobacter species are aerobic, gram-negative bacilli commonly found in water, soil, food (including meats, spices and freshwater fish), and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. They are rarely the source of illnesses, except for infections of the urinary tract and infant meningitis (especially Citrobacter koseri) and sepsis. Less common are infections in the respiratory tract, wounds, bone, peritoneum, endocardium, meninges , and intestines. Citrobacter has been reported to be frequently associated with polymicrobial bacteremia (especially Citrobacter Freundii) and can act as opportunistic pathogens in a variety of human infections. Some foodborne outbreaks have been linked to enterotoxigenic C. freundii; patients typically exhibit diarrhea. This pathogen may also produce a Shiga-like toxin and produce hemolytic uremic syndrome. Citrobacter species are differentiated by their ability to convert tryptophan to indole, ferment lactose, and use malonate. Citrobacter produces sulfur-smelling hydrogen sulfide, which is toxic to mitochondria and may compromise the ability of cells to make energy properly. The resulting symptom you’d be most likely to experience is fatigue.
Food, dietary supplement or other source of live single-celled or noncellular microorganisms that can be beneficial for health.
Could improve digestion and normal bowel function, influence the immune response, combat eating disorders, and help keep the gastrointestinal (GI) tract healthy. Microorganisms in the gut were shown to be implicated in aging, allergies, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, depression and anxiety, heart disease, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Schizophrenia, Bipolar and cancers. A bacterium found in yogurt called Lactobacillus acidophilus, is the most common probiotic. See also BC30, BLIS K12, Elixa, Lactospore, Therabreath, VSL # 3 and other probiotics. |
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