fat around waistline, also called belly fat, estimated as excessive if circumference around the waist is greater than 40 inches (102 cm) in men and 35 inches (88 cm) in women.
Increased subcutaneous (superficial)  could be actually protective, while increased visceral fat  - the kind that surrounds organs and puffs the stomach into a "beer gut" - is associated with metabolic dysfunction. There are six types of abdominal visceral fat: perirenal, gonadal, epicardial, retroperitoneal, omental and mesenteric.

Swelling containing pus - a thick whitish-yellowish, yellow brown or greenish opaque liquid consisting of dead white blood cells and bacteria with tissue debris and serum. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are more likely to be 'pus-forming' as they produce toxins that can damage the body's tissues.
Most abscesses form just under the skin or gums. Skin abscesses often occur in healthy individuals, but recurring abscesses may indicate diabetes or a weakened immune system. An abscess inside the body usually happens because of a medical condition like Infection in the liver.

smells associated with sour and acidic substances such as vinegar, fermenting milk or vegetables, wine or lemon. Can be pungent and sharp as Formic acid and Capric acid in goats’ milk, vinegary as acetic and propionic acid, or sourish and cheesy as isovaleric acid responsible for "locker room" odor, "dirty socks" smell and stinky feet. Some acidic breath or body odors are associated with  yeast infections, cystic fibrosis and cancers, but it could also be a side effect of diet, medications and microbial imbalance (skin and gut flora)

common (80% of people have it) human skin condition, characterized by areas of skin with multiple noninflammatory follicular papules or comedones and by inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules. 
papules: small red raised bumps - infected hair follicles
pustules: small red pimples with pus
nodules: solid painful lumps beneath the surface of the skin
cysts - painful infections beneath the skin
Dermatologists are encouraged by early research showing link between probiotic use and clearer skin in acne and rosacea patients. Proposed treatments include probiotics applied to skin topically (e.g. unique "body-friendly" strains of P. acnes  and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) and taken orally. ​

Strong, acrid, pungent odor easily recognizable in cleaning products like Windex, vinegar, cat urine, chicken manure and, for some people, sweat. Gaseous amines possess a characteristic ammonia smell, liquid amines have a distinctive "fishy" smell. 
Human breath may have an ammonia-like odor (also described as urine-like or "fishy") in people with chronic kidney failure, uremia and other stages of renal disease. It occurs due to nitrogen-containing compounds, namely amines dimethylamine (DMA) and trimethylamine (TMA). Disturbances in the metabolism of amines may be also observed in epilepsy (increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in urine), Parkinson's and dementia (deficient turnover of amines in the brain). Ammonia-smelling urine could mean dehydration or bacterial infection. 

Anal itching, medically known as pruritus ani, is a peculiar tingling or uneasy irritation of the skin that causes a desire to scratch the area. It seems to be most common between 30 and 50 years of age, and is more common in men than in  women. Causes include irritating chemicals in foods: spices, hot sauces, peppers; food allergies; continuous moisture - for example, from diarrhea or excessive perspiration; constipation; infections, psoriasis; fistulas, pin worms, hemorrhoids, fissures, skin tags.

abnormal heart rhythm that may feel like fluttering in the chest or neck, or a brief pause,  as too slow or too fast heart rate. Some arrhythmias don’t cause any symptoms. Others could cause lightheadedness or dizzyness. The four main types of arrhythmia are premature (extra) beats, supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias, and bradyarrhythmias. 
Premature beats are the most common type of arrhythmia and usually feel like fluttering in the chest or a feeling of a skipped heartbeat, because of stress, too much exercise, too much caffeine or nicotine.

Supraventricular arrhythmias are tachycardias - when the heart rate is too fast — more than 100 beats per minute. They usually occur in the upper chambers of the heart, called the atria. Types of supraventricular arrhythmias include atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), and Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. AF has two major complications— stroke and heart failure. PSVT  - a very fast heart rate that begins and ends suddenly - occurs because of problems with the electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles. Ventricular arrhythmias start in the heart's lower chambers, the ventricles. They can be very dangerous and usually require medical care right away. Ventricular arrhythmias include ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (v-fib). They can be caused by coronary heart disease, heart attack, a weakened heart muscle, and other problems. Bradyarrhythmias occur if the heart rate is too slow. Bradycardia means less than 60 beats per minute. 

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is often used to diagnose arrhythmias and create a graphic record of the heart’s electrical impulses. Using a Holter monitor, exercise stress tests, tilt table test and electrophysiologic studies (“mapping” the electrical system of your heart) are other ways to find where arrhythmias start. 

a defect in the eye or in a lens caused by a deviation from spherical curvature, which results in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus. The amount of astigmatism can be estimated by shining a light into the eye while manually introducing a series of lenses between the light and the eye. This test is called retinoscopy.

In an eyeglass prescription, second column Cylinder (CYL) - indicates the amount of lens power for astigmatism. The number in the cylinder column may be preceded with a minus sign (for the correction of nearsighted astigmatism) or a plus sign (for farsighted astigmatism). Cylinder power always follows sphere power in an eyeglass prescription.

There are three primary types of astigmatism:

• Myopic astigmatism. One or both principal meridians of the eye are nearsighted. (If both meridians are nearsighted, they are myopic in differing degree.)
• Hyperopic astigmatism. One or both principal meridians are farsighted. (If both are farsighted, they are hyperopic in differing degree.)
• Mixed astigmatism. One prinicipal meridian is nearsighted, and the other is farsighted.

Astigmatism also is classified as regular or irregular (if the principal meridians are not perpendicular).