
Increased subcutaneous (superficial) could be actually protective, while increased visceral fat - the kind that surrounds organs and puffs the stomach into a "beer gut" - is associated with metabolic dysfunction. There are six types of abdominal visceral fat: perirenal, gonadal, epicardial, retroperitoneal, omental and mesenteric.
- Heart disease
- Hypertension
- Insulin resistance
- Diabetes
- Metabolic syndrome
- High triglycerides
- Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) – the “good” type of cholesterol
- Sleep apnea
- Stroke
- Certain types of cancer
- Alzheimer’s Disease (irrespective of overall body weight)
- Heart disease
Weight control, diet and strength exercises may help fight abdominal fat, while spot exercising (e.g. sit-ups and other abs exercises), can tighten abdominal muscles, but not get rid of visceral fat.
It's better to combine high-intensity cardio workouts with weight lifting. Women might want to start with 5- or 10-pound dumbbells. Men can begin with heavier weights.