Human breath may have an ammonia-like odor (also described as urine-like or "fishy") in people with chronic kidney failure, uremia and other stages of renal disease. It occurs due to nitrogen-containing compounds, namely amines dimethylamine (DMA) and trimethylamine (TMA). Disturbances in the metabolism of amines may be also observed in epilepsy (increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in urine), Parkinson's and dementia (deficient turnover of amines in the brain). Ammonia-smelling urine could mean dehydration or bacterial infection.
Strong, acrid, pungent odor easily recognizable in cleaning products like Windex, vinegar, cat urine, chicken manure and, for some people, sweat. Gaseous amines possess a characteristic ammonia smell, liquid amines have a distinctive "fishy" smell.
Human breath may have an ammonia-like odor (also described as urine-like or "fishy") in people with chronic kidney failure, uremia and other stages of renal disease. It occurs due to nitrogen-containing compounds, namely amines dimethylamine (DMA) and trimethylamine (TMA). Disturbances in the metabolism of amines may be also observed in epilepsy (increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in urine), Parkinson's and dementia (deficient turnover of amines in the brain). Ammonia-smelling urine could mean dehydration or bacterial infection.
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Anal itching, medically known as pruritus ani, is a peculiar tingling or uneasy irritation of the skin that causes a desire to scratch the area. It seems to be most common between 30 and 50 years of age, and is more common in men than in women. Causes include irritating chemicals in foods: spices, hot sauces, peppers; food allergies; continuous moisture - for example, from diarrhea or excessive perspiration; constipation; infections, psoriasis; fistulas, pin worms, hemorrhoids, fissures, skin tags. ARBs for short, these medications block the action of angiotensin II (hormone that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance, sodium and water) by preventing angiotensin II from binding to angiotensin II receptors on the muscles surrounding blood vessels. As a result, blood vessels widen, enlarge, relax (dilate), and blood pressure is reduced, making it easier for the heart to pump blood. ARBs are some of the best selling drugs for treating high blood pressure, heart failure, and kidney disease from diabetes, but no good studies comparing these drugs to each other exist. One study showed that patients taking Merck’s Losartan had almost a 50% higher risk of dying compared with those taking AstraZeneca’s Candesartan. COMPARISON OF ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs) Drug Half life/Elimination Dose Equivalence Maximum daily dose Losartan (Cozaar®) 6-9 hrs 50mg 100mg Candesartan (Atacand®) 9 hrs 8mg 32mg Eprosartan (Teveton®) 20 hrs 600mg 800mg Irbesartan (Avapro®) 11-15 hrs 150mg 300mg Telmisartan (Micardis®) 24 hrs 40mg 80mg Valsartan (Diovan®) 6 hrs 80mg 160mg (evaluated in heart failure studies) Azilsartan 11 hrs Olmesartan 13 hours Fimasartan 7–11 hours a derivative of testosterone also known as androsta-4,16,-dien-3-one, this endogenous steroid has been described as having potent pheromone-like activities in humans. This chemical component of male sweat (and semen) can influence not only women (improving mood, inducing ovulation) but also other men's behavior making them more cooperative. Androstadienone's odor can be described as vaguely musky, but it depends on the gene OR7D4 if it smells pleasant or repulsive. Drugs or supplements that neutralize the gastric acid and raise the gastric pH, so are used to treat dyspepsia and are used as symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer. Most antacids contain a mixture of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide or calcium carbonate. In addition to antacids, there are several types of nonprescription acid reducers on the market. Examples include H2 blockers (such as nizatidine (Axid), famotidine (Pepcid, Pepcid AC), cimetidine (Tagamet, Tagamet HB) and ranitidine (Zantac), and proton pump inhibitors (such as omeprazole (Prilosec), lansopraole (Prevacid), pantoprazole (Nolpaza), and esomeprasole (Nexium). Antiplatelets are a group of medicines that stop blood cells (called platelets or thrombocytes) from sticking together and forming a blood clot. The body sends platelets to the site of the injury, where these cells clump together to form a blood clot and stop the bleeding. This is good for a cut or a wound, but not for an injured (inflamed, with plague build-ups or devices placed inside - like stents) blood vessel. Antiplatelet medicines are taken to stop blood clots from forming by attacking different factors contributing to this process - activation of platelets, adhesion or aggregation. Anti-itch drugs, medications that inhibit the itching associated with allergic reactions, eczema, psoriasis, chickenpox, fungal infections, insect bites sunburns, contact dermatitis or urticaria caused by plants. The active ingredients in antioruritics (including topical (applied directly to the body: creams, oinments, lotions and sprays) and oral drugs) usually belong to these classes: Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone topical cream, see topical steroid Counterirritants, such as mint oil, menthol, or camphor Local anesthetics such as lidocaine and benzocaine topical creams Nalfurafine, an orally-administered, centrally-acting κ-opioid receptor agonist approved for uremic pruritus and effective in animal models of other prurituses See also related entries in Aurametrix such as anal itching or itchy eyes fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh. The cultivated apple tree Malus domestica, belongs to the Rosaceae (Rose) Family, along with pear and quince. Note that sweetness/tartness does not correlate with the amount of FODMAPs (fructose sugars). Tart Granny Smith apple, for example, after peeling has slightly more fructose than mildly sweet Jonathan and Pink Lady abnormal heart rhythm that may feel like fluttering in the chest or neck, or a brief pause, as too slow or too fast heart rate. Some arrhythmias don’t cause any symptoms. Others could cause lightheadedness or dizzyness. The four main types of arrhythmia are premature (extra) beats, supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias, and bradyarrhythmias. Premature beats are the most common type of arrhythmia and usually feel like fluttering in the chest or a feeling of a skipped heartbeat, because of stress, too much exercise, too much caffeine or nicotine. Supraventricular arrhythmias are tachycardias - when the heart rate is too fast — more than 100 beats per minute. They usually occur in the upper chambers of the heart, called the atria. Types of supraventricular arrhythmias include atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), and Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. AF has two major complications— stroke and heart failure. PSVT - a very fast heart rate that begins and ends suddenly - occurs because of problems with the electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles. Ventricular arrhythmias start in the heart's lower chambers, the ventricles. They can be very dangerous and usually require medical care right away. Ventricular arrhythmias include ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (v-fib). They can be caused by coronary heart disease, heart attack, a weakened heart muscle, and other problems. Bradyarrhythmias occur if the heart rate is too slow. Bradycardia means less than 60 beats per minute. An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is often used to diagnose arrhythmias and create a graphic record of the heart’s electrical impulses. Using a Holter monitor, exercise stress tests, tilt table test and electrophysiologic studies (“mapping” the electrical system of your heart) are other ways to find where arrhythmias start. a heat-resistant fibrous silicate mineral that can be woven into fabrics, and is used in fire-resistant and insulating materials such as brake linings. People may be exposed to asbestos in their workplace, their communities, or their homes. If products containing asbestos are disturbed, tiny asbestos fibers are released into the air. When asbestos fibers are breathed in, they may get trapped in the lungs and remain there for a long time. Over time, these fibers can accumulate and cause scarring and inflammation, which can affect breathing and lead to serious health problems Low levels of asbestos are present in the air, water, and soil. However, to become ill from asbestos, people have to be exposed to it on a regular basis, by working directly with the material or through substantial environmental contact. |
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